Parvovirus B19 Seroprevalence in Women with Bad Obstetric History in Kirkuk.

BACKGROUND: In the Iraqi community, abnormal pregnancy forms a major social and psychological health problem. The underlying etiology of this health phenomenon was varied and included sets of infections and autoimmune diseases. Globally human parvovirus 19 infection is common and the infection attributes to bad obstetric outcomes. The global maternal parvovirus B19 remote infection rate was within a range of 13.2% to 97.9%, while the range of acute infection was between 0.5% to 97.9%. In Arab countries, the IgG seroprevalence was from 53.3% to 74%, while IgM seroprevalence range was 2.2% to 84%. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of ParvovirusB19 as an etiology of bad obstetric outcome in women in Kirkuk, Iraq. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive Case Control Study. Women included in the study were recruited from Kirkuk General Hospital and their age ranged from 14 to 48 years. A total of 663 women were included in the study, of them 237 were not pregnant, while 215 were pregnant. Additionally, the study included 211 women with inevitable abortion. Control group (306 women) women with a history of normal pregnancy included (Pregnant= 149; non-pregnant= 157). Clinical and laboratory investigations were conducted on all patients and control groups to exclude other causes. Medical and obstetric data and demographic characteristics were gathered through interviews according to a previously designed questionnaire. ELISA kits were used to determine Parvovirus B19 IgM and IgG antibodies. RESULTS: The overall parvovirus seroprevalence was 93% and with no significant difference between women with normal (89.5%) and those with abnormal (93.1%) pregnancy outcomes. In addition, parvovirus IgM overall seroprevalence was at56.3%. Furthermore, current parvovirus infection was higher in women with BOH (52.6%) than that in women with normal pregnancy (49.7%) outcomes. Parvovirus IgM seroprevalence was 52.6% in women with BOH and 49.7% in women with normal pregnancy, however, the difference was not statistically significant. In contrast, the acute infection with parvovirus was significantly (X2=11.8, P=0.001) lower in women with normal pregnancy (49.7%) than in those with inevitable abortion (64.9%). While the IgG seroprevalence difference was not significant between the two groups, infection seroprevalence was more frequent in housewives, uneducated women, large families, non-smokers, in rural areas, non-animal exposure areas, women with repeated abortion, congenital anomalies and anaemia. CONCLUSION: Parvovirus B19 infection may be with bad obstetric outcomes if occurred during pregnancy and OR confirmed a significant association of the infection with parvovirus with smoking, occupation, crowding index, education, animal exposure and the number of repeated abortion.

Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence in women with bad obstetric history in Kirkuk, Iraq.

The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of congenital infections. A case-control descriptive study was conducted in Kirkuk, Iraq to determine the seroprevalence of CMV in women with bad obstetric history (BOH) compared to women with a normal previous pregnancy. The CMV IgG and IgM seroprevalence was higher in women with BOH. The CMV IgG seroprevalence was significantly influenced by pregnancy, age, residence and level of education. In addition, the current CMV infection was significantly associated with pregnancy, age, residence and education. Large families (crowding index >3) exhibited higher seroprevalence for CMV IgM (8.3%) and IgG (98.3%), but odd ratio (OR) showed no significant association between family size and seropositivity. The CMV IgG seropositivity was higher in working women (100%) compared to housewives (95.4%). However, the CMV IgM (current infection) was 6.8% in housewives and was not detected in any working women (0%). The OR exhibited no significant association between occupation and both IgM and IgG levels.